See خود on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "ira-pro",
"3": "iir-pro",
"4": "ine-pro"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "pal",
"3": "BNPŠE"
},
"expansion": "Middle Persian BNPŠE",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "peo",
"3": "*hvatah"
},
"expansion": "Old Persian *hvatah",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "خُدَا"
},
"expansion": "xudā /xodâ",
"name": "fa-xlit"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Persian BNPŠE, 𐭡𐭭𐭯𐭱𐭤 (xwad), from Old Persian *hvatah. Related to خدا (xudā /xodâ, “God”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "xwad",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "xod",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "худ",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Tajik"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"cls": "خْوَدْ"
},
"expansion": "خود • (xwad / xod) (Tajik spelling худ)",
"name": "fa-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"self, the self"
],
"id": "en-خود-fa-noun-HmZU2MFZ",
"links": [
[
"self",
"self"
],
[
"self",
"self"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈxʷad/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Persian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[xʊd̪]",
"tags": [
"Dari",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[xʊd̪]",
"tags": [
"Dari",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[xʊ]",
"tags": [
"Kabuli"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[xu]",
"note": "Hazaragi"
},
{
"ipa": "[xod̪̥]",
"tags": [
"Iran",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[χud̪]",
"tags": [
"Tajik",
"formal"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ad"
}
],
"word": "خود"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "az xwad bēxwad šudan / az xod bixod šodan",
"word": "از خود بیخود شدن"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "ba xwadī-yi xwad / be xodi-ye xod",
"word": "به خودی خود"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "bēxwad / bixod",
"word": "بیخود"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "bēxwadī / bixodi",
"word": "بیخودی"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "xwad ba xwad / xod be xod",
"word": "خود به خود"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "xwad nawištan / xod neveštan",
"word": "خود نوشتن"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "xwad-āmōz / xod-âmuz",
"word": "خودآموز"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "xwad-irzāyī / xod-erzâyi",
"word": "خودارضایی"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "xwadbīn / xodbin",
"word": "خودبین"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "xwadraw / xodrov",
"word": "خودرو"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "xwadkār / xodkâr",
"word": "خودکار"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "xwad-kušī / xod-koši",
"word": "خودکشی"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "xwadī / xodi",
"word": "خودی"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Assamese",
"lang_code": "as",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "khüd",
"word": "খোদ"
},
{
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "Xod",
"word": "Խոդ"
},
{
"lang": "Bengali",
"lang_code": "bn",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "khōd",
"word": "খোদ"
},
{
"lang": "Gilaki",
"lang_code": "glk",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "xud",
"word": "خود"
},
{
"lang": "Gujarati",
"lang_code": "gu",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "khud",
"word": "ખુદ"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Hindi",
"lang_code": "hi",
"roman": "xud",
"word": "ख़ुद"
},
{
"lang": "Urdu",
"lang_code": "ur",
"roman": "xud",
"word": "خود"
}
],
"lang": "Hindustani",
"lang_code": "inc-hnd",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
},
{
"lang": "Southern Kurdish",
"lang_code": "sdh",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "xwid",
"word": "خوِد"
},
{
"lang": "Marathi",
"lang_code": "mr",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "khudda",
"word": "खुद्द"
},
{
"lang": "Pashto",
"lang_code": "ps",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "xud",
"word": "خود"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Gurmukhi script",
"lang_code": "pa",
"roman": "xud",
"word": "ਖ਼ੁਦ"
},
{
"lang": "Shahmukhi script",
"lang_code": "pa",
"roman": "xod",
"word": "خود"
}
],
"lang": "Punjabi",
"lang_code": "pa",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
}
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "ira-pro",
"3": "iir-pro",
"4": "ine-pro"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "pal",
"3": "BNPŠE"
},
"expansion": "Middle Persian BNPŠE",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "peo",
"3": "*hvatah"
},
"expansion": "Old Persian *hvatah",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "خُدَا"
},
"expansion": "xudā /xodâ",
"name": "fa-xlit"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Persian BNPŠE, 𐭡𐭭𐭯𐭱𐭤 (xwad), from Old Persian *hvatah. Related to خدا (xudā /xodâ, “God”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "xwad",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "xod",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fa-decl-c",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "خود",
"roman": "xod",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "خودها، خودا (xod-hấ, xodấ^△)",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "خود را، خود رو (xod râ, xodo^△)",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"definite",
"direct-object",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "خودها را، خودا رو (xod-hấ râ, xodấ ro^△)",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"definite",
"direct-object",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "خود",
"roman": "xod-e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ezafe",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "خودهای، خودای (xod-hấ-ye, xodấ-ye^△)",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"ezafe",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "خودی",
"roman": "xod-i",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"definite",
"relative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "خودی",
"roman": "xod-i",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"singular",
"stressed"
]
},
{
"form": "خودهایی، خودایی (xodấn-i, xod-hấ-i, xodấi^△)",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"definite",
"plural",
"relative"
]
},
{
"form": "خودهایی، خودایی (xodấn-i, xod-hấ-i, xodấi^△)",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"indefinite",
"plural",
"stressed"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fa-decl-c",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "خودم",
"roman": "xodam",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "خودهایم، خودهام، خودام (xod-hấyam, xodấm^△)",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"first-person",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "خودت (xodat, xodet^△)",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "خودهایت، خودهات، خودات (xod-hấyat, xodất^△)",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"possessive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "خودش (xodaš, xodeš^△)",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "خودهایش، خودهاش، خوداش (xod-hấyaš, xodấš^△)",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"possessive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "خودمان، خودمون (xodemân, xodemun^△)",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"first-person",
"plural",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "خودهایمان، خودهامون، خودامون (xod-hấyemân, xodấmun^△)",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"first-person",
"plural",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "خودتان، خودتون (xodetân, xodetun^△)",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"plural",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "خودهایتان، خودهاتون، خوداتون (xod-hấyetân, xodấtun^△)",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"plural",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "خودشان، خودشون (xodešân, xodešun^△)",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "خودهایشان، خودهاشون، خوداشون (xod-hấyešân, xodấšun^△)",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "prs-decl-c",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "خود",
"roman": "xud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "خودها",
"roman": "xud-hā́",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "خود را، خود ره (xud rā́, xuda^△)",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"Dari",
"colloquial",
"definite",
"direct-object",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "خودها را، خودا ره (xud-hā́ rā́, xudā́ ra^△)",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"Dari",
"colloquial",
"definite",
"direct-object",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "خود",
"roman": "xud-i",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "خودهای، خودای (xud-hā́-yi, xudā́-yi^△)",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"Dari",
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "خودی",
"roman": "xud-ē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"definite",
"relative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "خودی",
"roman": "xud-ē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"singular",
"stressed"
]
},
{
"form": "خودهایی، خودایی (xudā́n-ē, xud-hā́-ē, xudā́-yē^△)",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"Dari",
"colloquial",
"definite",
"plural",
"relative"
]
},
{
"form": "خودهایی، خودایی (xudā́n-ē, xud-hā́-ē, xudā́-yē^△)",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"Dari",
"colloquial",
"indefinite",
"plural",
"stressed"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "prs-decl-c",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "خودم",
"roman": "xudam",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "خودهایم، خودایم (xud-hā́yam, xudā́ym^△)",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"first-person",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "خودت",
"roman": "xudat",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "خودهایت، خودایت (xud-hā́yat, xudā́yt^△)",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"possessive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "خودش، خودشِی (xudaš, xudšī^△)",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"possessive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "خودهایش، خودایش (xud-hā́yaš, xudā́yš^△)",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"possessive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "خودمان، خودما (xudimān, xudimā^△)",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"first-person",
"plural",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "خودهایمان، خودایما (xud-hā́yimān, xudā́ymā^△)",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"first-person",
"plural",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "خودتان",
"roman": "xuditān",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "خودهایتان، خودایتان (xud-hā́yitān, xudā́ytān^△)",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"plural",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "خودشان",
"roman": "xudišān",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "خودهایشان، خودایشان (xud-hā́yišān, xudā́yšān^△)",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural",
"possessive"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "pronoun",
"tr": "xwad / xod"
},
"expansion": "خود • (xwad / xod)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xod",
"2": "",
"poss": "+"
},
"name": "fa-decl-c"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xud",
"2": "",
"poss": "+"
},
"name": "prs-decl-c"
}
],
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"pos": "pron",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Persian reflexive pronouns",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
18,
26
],
[
70,
77
]
],
"english": "You are attacking yourself, o simple man, like that lion who attacked himself.",
"ref": "c. 1260, Rumi, The Masnawī:",
"roman": "hamla bar xud mē-kunī ay sāda mard, hamču ān šērī ki bar xud hamla kard.",
"text": "حمله بر خود میکنی ای ساده مرد، همچو آن شیری که بر خود حمله کرد.",
"translation": "You are attacking yourself, o simple man, like that lion who attacked himself.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
6,
10
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
31,
35
]
],
"english": "You are an enemy even with yourself.",
"ref": "2009, Shadmehr Aghili, “تقدیر (taqdir)”:",
"roman": "to bâ xod-et ham došman-i.",
"text": "تو با خودت هم دشمنی.",
"translation": "You are an enemy even with yourself.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"self, -self"
],
"id": "en-خود-fa-pron-KS0WF2~c",
"links": [
[
"self",
"self"
],
[
"-self",
"-self"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(reflexive pronoun) self, -self"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"alt": "xwēš /xiš",
"word": "خویش"
}
],
"tags": [
"pronoun",
"reflexive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Persian usage examples with omitted translation",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "8 4 88",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Persian terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 3 3 86",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Persian terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 10 82",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using invalid parameters when calling Template:prs-poss-c",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 0 0 92",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 0 0 92",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 0 0 91",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 0 0 89",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Persian entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 0 0 94",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Persian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 24 70",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Persian pronouns",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 0 0 78",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "fa",
"name": "Armor",
"orig": "fa:Armor",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
122,
125
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
25,
28
]
],
"english": "Don’t you recognize your own mother?",
"raw_tags": [
"formal Persian"
],
"roman": "mādar-i xwad rā namē-šināsī? /mâdar-e xod râ nemi-šenâsi?",
"text": "مادر خود را نمیشناسی؟",
"translation": "Don’t you recognize your own mother?",
"type": "example"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"colloquial Tehrani"
],
"roman": "mâdar-e xodeto nemi-šnâsi?",
"text": "مادر خودتو نمیشناسی؟",
"type": "example"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"colloquial Kabuli"
],
"roman": "mādar xu ra namē-šnāsī?",
"text": "مادر خو ره نمیشناسی؟",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"one's own (in possessive constructions)"
],
"id": "en-خود-fa-pron-NzYlGqW5",
"links": [
[
"own",
"own"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(emphatic) one's own (in possessive constructions)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"alt": "xwēš /xiš",
"word": "خویش"
}
],
"tags": [
"emphatic"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈxʷad/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Persian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[xʊd̪]",
"tags": [
"Dari",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[xʊd̪]",
"tags": [
"Dari",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[xʊ]",
"tags": [
"Kabuli"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[xu]",
"note": "Hazaragi"
},
{
"ipa": "[xod̪̥]",
"tags": [
"Iran",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[χud̪]",
"tags": [
"Tajik",
"formal"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ad"
}
],
"word": "خود"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Gurmukhi script",
"lang_code": "pa",
"roman": "khod",
"word": "ਖੋਦ"
},
{
"lang": "Shahmukhi script",
"lang_code": "pa",
"roman": "xod",
"word": "خود"
}
],
"lang": "Punjabi",
"lang_code": "pa",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
}
],
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"id": "helmet"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "pal",
"3": "xwd",
"t": "helm",
"tr": "xōd"
},
"expansion": "Middle Persian xwd (xōd, “helm”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "xpr",
"3": "xwwd",
"gloss": "helmet",
"tr": "*xōδ"
},
"expansion": "Parthian xwwd (*xōδ, “helmet”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-old"
},
"expansion": "Old Iranian",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kadʰ-",
"4": "",
"5": "to guard, cover, care for, protect"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kadʰ- (“to guard, cover, care for, protect”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "peo",
"2": "𐎧𐎢𐎭𐎠",
"3": "",
"4": "hat",
"tr": "xaudā-"
},
"expansion": "Old Persian 𐎧𐎢𐎭𐎠 (xaudā-, “hat”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬑𐬀𐬊𐬜𐬀",
"t": "helmet"
},
"expansion": "Avestan 𐬑𐬀𐬊𐬜𐬀 (xaoδa, “helmet”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "os",
"2": "худ",
"3": "",
"4": "hat"
},
"expansion": "Ossetian худ (xud, “hat”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "hat"
},
"expansion": "English hat",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "خوی",
"notext": "1",
"tr1": "xoy"
},
"expansion": "خوی (xoy)",
"name": "doublet"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "խոյր"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian խոյր (xoyr)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ka",
"2": "ხვირი"
},
"expansion": "Georgian ხვირი (xviri)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ar",
"2": "خُوذَة"
},
"expansion": "Arabic خُوذَة (ḵūḏa)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Persian xwd (xōd, “helm”), borrowed from Parthian xwwd (*xōδ, “helmet”), from Old Iranian, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kadʰ- (“to guard, cover, care for, protect”). The Parthian word is cognate with Old Persian 𐎧𐎢𐎭𐎠 (xaudā-, “hat”), Avestan 𐬑𐬀𐬊𐬜𐬀 (xaoδa, “helmet”), Ossetian худ (xud, “hat”), English hat, hood, etc. The inherited form of the Persian is خوی (xoy). Akin to Old Armenian խոյր (xoyr), արտախոյր (artaxoyr), Georgian ხვირი (xviri), Arabic خُوذَة (ḵūḏa), Iranian borrowings.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "xōd",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "xud",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "خودها",
"roman": "xōd-hā / xud-hâ",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "хӯд",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Tajik"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"cls": "خود",
"pl": "خودها"
},
"expansion": "خود • (xōd / xud) (plural خودها (xōd-hā / xud-hâ), Tajik spelling хӯд)",
"name": "fa-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "5 59 0 36",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "fa",
"name": "Headwear",
"orig": "fa:Headwear",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "kulāh-xwad / kolâh-xod",
"word": "کلاهخود"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a helmet"
],
"id": "en-خود-fa-noun-hgxtfV1b",
"links": [
[
"helmet",
"helmet"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "ترگ"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈxoːd/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Persian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[xoːd̪]",
"tags": [
"Dari",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[xoːd̪]",
"tags": [
"Dari",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[xoːd̪]",
"tags": [
"Kabuli"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[xʊːd̪̥]",
"note": "Hazaragi"
},
{
"ipa": "[xuːd̪̥]",
"tags": [
"Iran",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[χɵd̪]",
"tags": [
"Tajik",
"formal"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-oːd"
}
],
"word": "خود"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ur",
"2": "fa-cls",
"3": "خْوَد"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Classical Persian خْوَد (xwad)",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Classical Persian خْوَد (xwad)/خْوُد (xwud).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "xud",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "xvud",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "ख़ुद",
"tags": [
"Hindi"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"hi": "ख़ुद",
"tr": "xud,xvud"
},
"expansion": "خود • (xud or xvud) (Hindi spelling ख़ुद)",
"name": "ur-pron"
}
],
"lang": "Urdu",
"lang_code": "ur",
"pos": "pron",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Urdu entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Urdu pronouns",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Urdu terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "suicide",
"roman": "xudkushi",
"translation": "suicide",
"word": "خودکشی"
},
{
"english": "selfish",
"roman": "xudġarz",
"translation": "selfish",
"word": "خودغرض"
},
{
"english": "automatically",
"roman": "xud ba-xud, xvud ba-xvud",
"translation": "automatically",
"word": "خود بخود"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
12,
15
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
11,
14
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
20,
26
]
],
"english": "I will do this work myself.",
"roman": "ma͠i ye kām xud karūṅgā.",
"text": "میں یہ کام خود کروں گا۔",
"translation": "I will do this work myself.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"reflexive pronoun: oneself, one's own"
],
"id": "en-خود-ur-pron-HHC6D0SV",
"links": [
[
"reflexive pronoun",
"reflexive pronoun#English"
],
[
"oneself",
"oneself"
],
[
"own",
"own"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "āp",
"word": "آپ"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/xʊd̪/",
"tags": [
"Standard",
"Urdu"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/xwʊd̪/",
"tags": [
"Standard",
"Urdu"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1617 (urd)-Syamantak07-خود.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/aa/LL-Q1617_%28urd%29-Syamantak07-%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%AF.wav/LL-Q1617_%28urd%29-Syamantak07-%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%AF.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/aa/LL-Q1617_%28urd%29-Syamantak07-%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%AF.wav/LL-Q1617_%28urd%29-Syamantak07-%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%AF.wav.ogg"
}
],
"word": "خود"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle Persian terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Old Persian terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Pages using invalid parameters when calling Template:prs-poss-c",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymon",
"Persian doublets",
"Persian entries with etymon",
"Persian entries with incorrect language header",
"Persian lemmas",
"Persian nouns",
"Persian pronouns",
"Persian terms borrowed from Parthian",
"Persian terms derived from Middle Persian",
"Persian terms derived from Old Persian",
"Persian terms derived from Parthian",
"Persian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Persian terms derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"Persian terms derived from Proto-Iranian",
"Persian terms inherited from Middle Persian",
"Persian terms inherited from Old Persian",
"Persian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Rhymes:Persian/ad",
"Rhymes:Persian/ad/1 syllable",
"Rhymes:Persian/oːd",
"Rhymes:Persian/oːd/1 syllable",
"fa:Armor",
"fa:Headwear"
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "ira-pro",
"3": "iir-pro",
"4": "ine-pro"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "pal",
"3": "BNPŠE"
},
"expansion": "Middle Persian BNPŠE",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "peo",
"3": "*hvatah"
},
"expansion": "Old Persian *hvatah",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "خُدَا"
},
"expansion": "xudā /xodâ",
"name": "fa-xlit"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Persian BNPŠE, 𐭡𐭭𐭯𐭱𐭤 (xwad), from Old Persian *hvatah. Related to خدا (xudā /xodâ, “God”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "xwad",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "xod",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "худ",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Tajik"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"cls": "خْوَدْ"
},
"expansion": "خود • (xwad / xod) (Tajik spelling худ)",
"name": "fa-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"self, the self"
],
"links": [
[
"self",
"self"
],
[
"self",
"self"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈxʷad/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Persian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[xʊd̪]",
"tags": [
"Dari",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[xʊd̪]",
"tags": [
"Dari",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[xʊ]",
"tags": [
"Kabuli"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[xu]",
"note": "Hazaragi"
},
{
"ipa": "[xod̪̥]",
"tags": [
"Iran",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[χud̪]",
"tags": [
"Tajik",
"formal"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ad"
}
],
"word": "خود"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle Persian terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Old Persian terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Pages using invalid parameters when calling Template:prs-poss-c",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymon",
"Persian doublets",
"Persian entries with etymon",
"Persian entries with incorrect language header",
"Persian lemmas",
"Persian nouns",
"Persian pronouns",
"Persian terms borrowed from Parthian",
"Persian terms derived from Middle Persian",
"Persian terms derived from Old Persian",
"Persian terms derived from Parthian",
"Persian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Persian terms derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"Persian terms derived from Proto-Iranian",
"Persian terms inherited from Middle Persian",
"Persian terms inherited from Old Persian",
"Persian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Rhymes:Persian/ad",
"Rhymes:Persian/ad/1 syllable",
"Rhymes:Persian/oːd",
"Rhymes:Persian/oːd/1 syllable",
"fa:Armor",
"fa:Headwear"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "az xwad bēxwad šudan / az xod bixod šodan",
"word": "از خود بیخود شدن"
},
{
"roman": "ba xwadī-yi xwad / be xodi-ye xod",
"word": "به خودی خود"
},
{
"roman": "bēxwad / bixod",
"word": "بیخود"
},
{
"roman": "bēxwadī / bixodi",
"word": "بیخودی"
},
{
"roman": "xwad ba xwad / xod be xod",
"word": "خود به خود"
},
{
"roman": "xwad nawištan / xod neveštan",
"word": "خود نوشتن"
},
{
"roman": "xwad-āmōz / xod-âmuz",
"word": "خودآموز"
},
{
"roman": "xwad-irzāyī / xod-erzâyi",
"word": "خودارضایی"
},
{
"roman": "xwadbīn / xodbin",
"word": "خودبین"
},
{
"roman": "xwadraw / xodrov",
"word": "خودرو"
},
{
"roman": "xwadkār / xodkâr",
"word": "خودکار"
},
{
"roman": "xwad-kušī / xod-koši",
"word": "خودکشی"
},
{
"roman": "xwadī / xodi",
"word": "خودی"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Assamese",
"lang_code": "as",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "khüd",
"word": "খোদ"
},
{
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "Xod",
"word": "Խոդ"
},
{
"lang": "Bengali",
"lang_code": "bn",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "khōd",
"word": "খোদ"
},
{
"lang": "Gilaki",
"lang_code": "glk",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "xud",
"word": "خود"
},
{
"lang": "Gujarati",
"lang_code": "gu",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "khud",
"word": "ખુદ"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Hindi",
"lang_code": "hi",
"roman": "xud",
"word": "ख़ुद"
},
{
"lang": "Urdu",
"lang_code": "ur",
"roman": "xud",
"word": "خود"
}
],
"lang": "Hindustani",
"lang_code": "inc-hnd",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
},
{
"lang": "Southern Kurdish",
"lang_code": "sdh",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "xwid",
"word": "خوِد"
},
{
"lang": "Marathi",
"lang_code": "mr",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "khudda",
"word": "खुद्द"
},
{
"lang": "Pashto",
"lang_code": "ps",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "xud",
"word": "خود"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Gurmukhi script",
"lang_code": "pa",
"roman": "xud",
"word": "ਖ਼ੁਦ"
},
{
"lang": "Shahmukhi script",
"lang_code": "pa",
"roman": "xod",
"word": "خود"
}
],
"lang": "Punjabi",
"lang_code": "pa",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
}
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "ira-pro",
"3": "iir-pro",
"4": "ine-pro"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "pal",
"3": "BNPŠE"
},
"expansion": "Middle Persian BNPŠE",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "peo",
"3": "*hvatah"
},
"expansion": "Old Persian *hvatah",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "خُدَا"
},
"expansion": "xudā /xodâ",
"name": "fa-xlit"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Persian BNPŠE, 𐭡𐭭𐭯𐭱𐭤 (xwad), from Old Persian *hvatah. Related to خدا (xudā /xodâ, “God”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "xwad",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "xod",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fa-decl-c",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "خود",
"roman": "xod",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "خودها، خودا (xod-hấ, xodấ^△)",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "خود را، خود رو (xod râ, xodo^△)",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"definite",
"direct-object",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "خودها را، خودا رو (xod-hấ râ, xodấ ro^△)",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"definite",
"direct-object",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "خود",
"roman": "xod-e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ezafe",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "خودهای، خودای (xod-hấ-ye, xodấ-ye^△)",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"ezafe",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "خودی",
"roman": "xod-i",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"definite",
"relative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "خودی",
"roman": "xod-i",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"singular",
"stressed"
]
},
{
"form": "خودهایی، خودایی (xodấn-i, xod-hấ-i, xodấi^△)",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"definite",
"plural",
"relative"
]
},
{
"form": "خودهایی، خودایی (xodấn-i, xod-hấ-i, xodấi^△)",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"indefinite",
"plural",
"stressed"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fa-decl-c",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "خودم",
"roman": "xodam",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "خودهایم، خودهام، خودام (xod-hấyam, xodấm^△)",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"first-person",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "خودت (xodat, xodet^△)",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "خودهایت، خودهات، خودات (xod-hấyat, xodất^△)",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"possessive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "خودش (xodaš, xodeš^△)",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "خودهایش، خودهاش، خوداش (xod-hấyaš, xodấš^△)",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"possessive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "خودمان، خودمون (xodemân, xodemun^△)",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"first-person",
"plural",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "خودهایمان، خودهامون، خودامون (xod-hấyemân, xodấmun^△)",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"first-person",
"plural",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "خودتان، خودتون (xodetân, xodetun^△)",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"plural",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "خودهایتان، خودهاتون، خوداتون (xod-hấyetân, xodấtun^△)",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"plural",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "خودشان، خودشون (xodešân, xodešun^△)",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "خودهایشان، خودهاشون، خوداشون (xod-hấyešân, xodấšun^△)",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "prs-decl-c",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "خود",
"roman": "xud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "خودها",
"roman": "xud-hā́",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "خود را، خود ره (xud rā́, xuda^△)",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"Dari",
"colloquial",
"definite",
"direct-object",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "خودها را، خودا ره (xud-hā́ rā́, xudā́ ra^△)",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"Dari",
"colloquial",
"definite",
"direct-object",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "خود",
"roman": "xud-i",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "خودهای، خودای (xud-hā́-yi, xudā́-yi^△)",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"Dari",
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "خودی",
"roman": "xud-ē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"definite",
"relative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "خودی",
"roman": "xud-ē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"singular",
"stressed"
]
},
{
"form": "خودهایی، خودایی (xudā́n-ē, xud-hā́-ē, xudā́-yē^△)",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"Dari",
"colloquial",
"definite",
"plural",
"relative"
]
},
{
"form": "خودهایی، خودایی (xudā́n-ē, xud-hā́-ē, xudā́-yē^△)",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"Dari",
"colloquial",
"indefinite",
"plural",
"stressed"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "prs-decl-c",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "خودم",
"roman": "xudam",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "خودهایم، خودایم (xud-hā́yam, xudā́ym^△)",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"first-person",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "خودت",
"roman": "xudat",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "خودهایت، خودایت (xud-hā́yat, xudā́yt^△)",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"possessive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "خودش، خودشِی (xudaš, xudšī^△)",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"possessive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "خودهایش، خودایش (xud-hā́yaš, xudā́yš^△)",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"possessive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "خودمان، خودما (xudimān, xudimā^△)",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"first-person",
"plural",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "خودهایمان، خودایما (xud-hā́yimān, xudā́ymā^△)",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"first-person",
"plural",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "خودتان",
"roman": "xuditān",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "خودهایتان، خودایتان (xud-hā́yitān, xudā́ytān^△)",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"plural",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "خودشان",
"roman": "xudišān",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "خودهایشان، خودایشان (xud-hā́yišān, xudā́yšān^△)",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural",
"possessive"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "pronoun",
"tr": "xwad / xod"
},
"expansion": "خود • (xwad / xod)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xod",
"2": "",
"poss": "+"
},
"name": "fa-decl-c"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xud",
"2": "",
"poss": "+"
},
"name": "prs-decl-c"
}
],
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"pos": "pron",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Persian reflexive pronouns",
"Persian terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
18,
26
],
[
70,
77
]
],
"english": "You are attacking yourself, o simple man, like that lion who attacked himself.",
"ref": "c. 1260, Rumi, The Masnawī:",
"roman": "hamla bar xud mē-kunī ay sāda mard, hamču ān šērī ki bar xud hamla kard.",
"text": "حمله بر خود میکنی ای ساده مرد، همچو آن شیری که بر خود حمله کرد.",
"translation": "You are attacking yourself, o simple man, like that lion who attacked himself.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
6,
10
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
31,
35
]
],
"english": "You are an enemy even with yourself.",
"ref": "2009, Shadmehr Aghili, “تقدیر (taqdir)”:",
"roman": "to bâ xod-et ham došman-i.",
"text": "تو با خودت هم دشمنی.",
"translation": "You are an enemy even with yourself.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"self, -self"
],
"links": [
[
"self",
"self"
],
[
"-self",
"-self"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(reflexive pronoun) self, -self"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"alt": "xwēš /xiš",
"word": "خویش"
}
],
"tags": [
"pronoun",
"reflexive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Persian terms with usage examples",
"Persian usage examples with omitted translation"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
122,
125
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
25,
28
]
],
"english": "Don’t you recognize your own mother?",
"raw_tags": [
"formal Persian"
],
"roman": "mādar-i xwad rā namē-šināsī? /mâdar-e xod râ nemi-šenâsi?",
"text": "مادر خود را نمیشناسی؟",
"translation": "Don’t you recognize your own mother?",
"type": "example"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"colloquial Tehrani"
],
"roman": "mâdar-e xodeto nemi-šnâsi?",
"text": "مادر خودتو نمیشناسی؟",
"type": "example"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"colloquial Kabuli"
],
"roman": "mādar xu ra namē-šnāsī?",
"text": "مادر خو ره نمیشناسی؟",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"one's own (in possessive constructions)"
],
"links": [
[
"own",
"own"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(emphatic) one's own (in possessive constructions)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"alt": "xwēš /xiš",
"word": "خویش"
}
],
"tags": [
"emphatic"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈxʷad/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Persian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[xʊd̪]",
"tags": [
"Dari",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[xʊd̪]",
"tags": [
"Dari",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[xʊ]",
"tags": [
"Kabuli"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[xu]",
"note": "Hazaragi"
},
{
"ipa": "[xod̪̥]",
"tags": [
"Iran",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[χud̪]",
"tags": [
"Tajik",
"formal"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ad"
}
],
"word": "خود"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old Persian terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymon",
"Persian doublets",
"Persian entries with etymon",
"Persian entries with incorrect language header",
"Persian lemmas",
"Persian nouns",
"Persian terms borrowed from Parthian",
"Persian terms derived from Middle Persian",
"Persian terms derived from Parthian",
"Persian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Persian terms inherited from Middle Persian",
"Persian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Rhymes:Persian/oːd",
"Rhymes:Persian/oːd/1 syllable",
"fa:Armor",
"fa:Headwear"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "kulāh-xwad / kolâh-xod",
"word": "کلاهخود"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Gurmukhi script",
"lang_code": "pa",
"roman": "khod",
"word": "ਖੋਦ"
},
{
"lang": "Shahmukhi script",
"lang_code": "pa",
"roman": "xod",
"word": "خود"
}
],
"lang": "Punjabi",
"lang_code": "pa",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
}
],
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"id": "helmet"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "pal",
"3": "xwd",
"t": "helm",
"tr": "xōd"
},
"expansion": "Middle Persian xwd (xōd, “helm”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "xpr",
"3": "xwwd",
"gloss": "helmet",
"tr": "*xōδ"
},
"expansion": "Parthian xwwd (*xōδ, “helmet”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-old"
},
"expansion": "Old Iranian",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kadʰ-",
"4": "",
"5": "to guard, cover, care for, protect"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kadʰ- (“to guard, cover, care for, protect”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "peo",
"2": "𐎧𐎢𐎭𐎠",
"3": "",
"4": "hat",
"tr": "xaudā-"
},
"expansion": "Old Persian 𐎧𐎢𐎭𐎠 (xaudā-, “hat”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬑𐬀𐬊𐬜𐬀",
"t": "helmet"
},
"expansion": "Avestan 𐬑𐬀𐬊𐬜𐬀 (xaoδa, “helmet”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "os",
"2": "худ",
"3": "",
"4": "hat"
},
"expansion": "Ossetian худ (xud, “hat”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "hat"
},
"expansion": "English hat",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "خوی",
"notext": "1",
"tr1": "xoy"
},
"expansion": "خوی (xoy)",
"name": "doublet"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "խոյր"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian խոյր (xoyr)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ka",
"2": "ხვირი"
},
"expansion": "Georgian ხვირი (xviri)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ar",
"2": "خُوذَة"
},
"expansion": "Arabic خُوذَة (ḵūḏa)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Persian xwd (xōd, “helm”), borrowed from Parthian xwwd (*xōδ, “helmet”), from Old Iranian, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kadʰ- (“to guard, cover, care for, protect”). The Parthian word is cognate with Old Persian 𐎧𐎢𐎭𐎠 (xaudā-, “hat”), Avestan 𐬑𐬀𐬊𐬜𐬀 (xaoδa, “helmet”), Ossetian худ (xud, “hat”), English hat, hood, etc. The inherited form of the Persian is خوی (xoy). Akin to Old Armenian խոյր (xoyr), արտախոյր (artaxoyr), Georgian ხვირი (xviri), Arabic خُوذَة (ḵūḏa), Iranian borrowings.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "xōd",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "xud",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "خودها",
"roman": "xōd-hā / xud-hâ",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "хӯд",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Tajik"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"cls": "خود",
"pl": "خودها"
},
"expansion": "خود • (xōd / xud) (plural خودها (xōd-hā / xud-hâ), Tajik spelling хӯд)",
"name": "fa-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"a helmet"
],
"links": [
[
"helmet",
"helmet"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "ترگ"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈxoːd/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Persian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[xoːd̪]",
"tags": [
"Dari",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[xoːd̪]",
"tags": [
"Dari",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[xoːd̪]",
"tags": [
"Kabuli"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[xʊːd̪̥]",
"note": "Hazaragi"
},
{
"ipa": "[xuːd̪̥]",
"tags": [
"Iran",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[χɵd̪]",
"tags": [
"Tajik",
"formal"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-oːd"
}
],
"word": "خود"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"english": "suicide",
"roman": "xudkushi",
"translation": "suicide",
"word": "خودکشی"
},
{
"english": "selfish",
"roman": "xudġarz",
"translation": "selfish",
"word": "خودغرض"
},
{
"english": "automatically",
"roman": "xud ba-xud, xvud ba-xvud",
"translation": "automatically",
"word": "خود بخود"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ur",
"2": "fa-cls",
"3": "خْوَد"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Classical Persian خْوَد (xwad)",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Classical Persian خْوَد (xwad)/خْوُد (xwud).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "xud",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "xvud",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "ख़ुद",
"tags": [
"Hindi"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"hi": "ख़ुद",
"tr": "xud,xvud"
},
"expansion": "خود • (xud or xvud) (Hindi spelling ख़ुद)",
"name": "ur-pron"
}
],
"lang": "Urdu",
"lang_code": "ur",
"pos": "pron",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Urdu entries with incorrect language header",
"Urdu lemmas",
"Urdu pronouns",
"Urdu terms borrowed from Classical Persian",
"Urdu terms derived from Classical Persian",
"Urdu terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Urdu terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Urdu terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
12,
15
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
11,
14
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
20,
26
]
],
"english": "I will do this work myself.",
"roman": "ma͠i ye kām xud karūṅgā.",
"text": "میں یہ کام خود کروں گا۔",
"translation": "I will do this work myself.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"reflexive pronoun: oneself, one's own"
],
"links": [
[
"reflexive pronoun",
"reflexive pronoun#English"
],
[
"oneself",
"oneself"
],
[
"own",
"own"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/xʊd̪/",
"tags": [
"Standard",
"Urdu"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/xwʊd̪/",
"tags": [
"Standard",
"Urdu"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1617 (urd)-Syamantak07-خود.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/aa/LL-Q1617_%28urd%29-Syamantak07-%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%AF.wav/LL-Q1617_%28urd%29-Syamantak07-%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%AF.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/aa/LL-Q1617_%28urd%29-Syamantak07-%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%AF.wav/LL-Q1617_%28urd%29-Syamantak07-%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%AF.wav.ogg"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "āp",
"word": "آپ"
}
],
"word": "خود"
}
Download raw JSONL data for خود meaning in All languages combined (22.4kB)
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: '3ʳᵈ person plural (“their”)'",
"path": [
"خود"
],
"section": "Persian",
"subsection": "pronoun",
"title": "خود",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'izāfa'",
"path": [
"خود"
],
"section": "Persian",
"subsection": "pronoun",
"title": "خود",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: '3ʳᵈ person plural (“their”)'",
"path": [
"خود"
],
"section": "Persian",
"subsection": "pronoun",
"title": "خود",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parserfns/156",
"msg": "#tag creating non-allowed tag <pre> - omitted",
"path": [
"خود",
"Template:prs-decl-c",
"#ifeq",
"#ifeq",
"Template:prs-poss-c",
"#invoke",
"#invoke",
"Lua:Module:checkparams:warn()",
"extensionTag()"
],
"section": "Persian",
"subsection": "pronoun",
"title": "خود",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parserfns/156",
"msg": "#tag creating non-allowed tag <pre> - omitted",
"path": [
"خود",
"Template:prs-decl-c",
"#ifeq",
"#ifeq",
"Template:prs-poss-c",
"#invoke",
"#invoke",
"Lua:Module:checkparams:warn()",
"frame:preprocess()",
"#tag",
"#tag"
],
"section": "Persian",
"subsection": "pronoun",
"title": "خود",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parserfns/156",
"msg": "#tag creating non-allowed tag <pre> - omitted",
"path": [
"خود",
"Template:prs-decl-c",
"#ifeq",
"#ifeq",
"Template:prs-poss-c",
"#invoke",
"#invoke",
"Lua:Module:checkparams:warn()",
"extensionTag()"
],
"section": "Persian",
"subsection": "pronoun",
"title": "خود",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parserfns/156",
"msg": "#tag creating non-allowed tag <pre> - omitted",
"path": [
"خود",
"Template:prs-decl-c",
"#ifeq",
"#ifeq",
"Template:prs-poss-c",
"#invoke",
"#invoke",
"Lua:Module:checkparams:warn()",
"frame:preprocess()",
"#tag",
"#tag"
],
"section": "Persian",
"subsection": "pronoun",
"title": "خود",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parserfns/156",
"msg": "#tag creating non-allowed tag <pre> - omitted",
"path": [
"خود",
"Template:prs-decl-c",
"#ifeq",
"#ifeq",
"Template:prs-poss-c",
"#invoke",
"#invoke",
"Lua:Module:checkparams:warn()",
"extensionTag()"
],
"section": "Persian",
"subsection": "pronoun",
"title": "خود",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parserfns/156",
"msg": "#tag creating non-allowed tag <pre> - omitted",
"path": [
"خود",
"Template:prs-decl-c",
"#ifeq",
"#ifeq",
"Template:prs-poss-c",
"#invoke",
"#invoke",
"Lua:Module:checkparams:warn()",
"frame:preprocess()",
"#tag",
"#tag"
],
"section": "Persian",
"subsection": "pronoun",
"title": "خود",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parserfns/156",
"msg": "#tag creating non-allowed tag <pre> - omitted",
"path": [
"خود",
"Template:prs-decl-c",
"#ifeq",
"#ifeq",
"Template:prs-poss-c",
"#invoke",
"#invoke",
"Lua:Module:checkparams:warn()",
"extensionTag()"
],
"section": "Persian",
"subsection": "pronoun",
"title": "خود",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parserfns/156",
"msg": "#tag creating non-allowed tag <pre> - omitted",
"path": [
"خود",
"Template:prs-decl-c",
"#ifeq",
"#ifeq",
"Template:prs-poss-c",
"#invoke",
"#invoke",
"Lua:Module:checkparams:warn()",
"frame:preprocess()",
"#tag",
"#tag"
],
"section": "Persian",
"subsection": "pronoun",
"title": "خود",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parserfns/156",
"msg": "#tag creating non-allowed tag <pre> - omitted",
"path": [
"خود",
"Template:prs-decl-c",
"#ifeq",
"#ifeq",
"Template:prs-poss-c",
"#invoke",
"#invoke",
"Lua:Module:checkparams:warn()",
"extensionTag()"
],
"section": "Persian",
"subsection": "pronoun",
"title": "خود",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parserfns/156",
"msg": "#tag creating non-allowed tag <pre> - omitted",
"path": [
"خود",
"Template:prs-decl-c",
"#ifeq",
"#ifeq",
"Template:prs-poss-c",
"#invoke",
"#invoke",
"Lua:Module:checkparams:warn()",
"frame:preprocess()",
"#tag",
"#tag"
],
"section": "Persian",
"subsection": "pronoun",
"title": "خود",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parserfns/156",
"msg": "#tag creating non-allowed tag <pre> - omitted",
"path": [
"خود",
"Template:prs-decl-c",
"#ifeq",
"#ifeq",
"Template:prs-poss-c",
"#invoke",
"#invoke",
"Lua:Module:checkparams:warn()",
"extensionTag()"
],
"section": "Persian",
"subsection": "pronoun",
"title": "خود",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parserfns/156",
"msg": "#tag creating non-allowed tag <pre> - omitted",
"path": [
"خود",
"Template:prs-decl-c",
"#ifeq",
"#ifeq",
"Template:prs-poss-c",
"#invoke",
"#invoke",
"Lua:Module:checkparams:warn()",
"frame:preprocess()",
"#tag",
"#tag"
],
"section": "Persian",
"subsection": "pronoun",
"title": "خود",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (d6fca27 and 65e1673). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.